Post by jan Kamelin on Dec 13, 2023 20:16:42 GMT
This is a conlang I made
Fanshi
Natively known as: fanshi /ˈɸanʃi/
...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind...
u u mushy piwpum mets nidni u kedvoz zekh mushy kej kha paf
Pronunciation: /u u muç ˈpiwpum meʦ ˈnidni u ˈkedvoz zex muç keʤ xa paɸ/
Fanshi word order: and he his hat holding stood and the wind to his wet face turned
Spelling & Phonology
Consonant inventory: b d g h j k l m n p s t v w x z ç ɣ ɸ ʀ ʃ ʒ ʣ ʤ ʦ ʧ χ
↓Manner/Place→ | Bilabial | Labiodental | Alveolar | Palato-alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Glottal |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | m | n | ||||||
Stop | b p | d t | g k | |||||
Affricate | ʣ ʦ | ʤ ʧ | ||||||
Fricative | ɸ | v | s z | ʃ ʒ | ç | x ɣ | χ | h |
Approximant | j | |||||||
Trill | ʀ | |||||||
Lateral approximant | l |
Co-articulated phonemes
↓Manner/Place→ | Labial-velar |
---|---|
Approximant | w |
Vowel inventory: a e i o u
Front | Back | |
---|---|---|
High | i | u |
High-mid | e | o |
Low | a |
Syllable structure: (C)V(C) ?
Stress pattern: Initial — stress is on the first syllable ?
Spelling rules:
Pronunciation | Spelling |
---|---|
ʒ | zh |
j | y |
ʃ | sh |
ʀ | r |
ʤ | j |
ʧ | ch |
ʣ | dz |
ɸ | f |
ç | shy |
ʦ | ts |
x | kh |
ɣ | gh |
χ | k̨h |
Grammar
Main word order: Subject (Prepositional phrase) Object Verb. “Mary opened the door with a key” turns into Mary with a key the door opened.
Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned before the noun.
Adposition: postpositions ?
Nouns
Nouns have three cases:
- Ergative is the doer of a verb, when the verb is done to something: dog bites man.
- Absolutive is used in two scenarios: the doer of a verb when not done to something (dog bites), and the done-to of a verb (man bites dog).
- Genitive is the possessor of something: dog’s tail hits man.
Ergative | Prefix u- ucham /ˈuʧam/ dog (doing a transitive verb) |
Absolutive | No affix cham /ʧam/ dog (doing an intransitive verb) |
Genitive | Prefix me- mecham /ˈmeʧam/ dogʼs |
Definite
Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Prefix a- aaj /ˈaaʤ/ the boy | If starts with vowel: Prefix t- Else: Prefix te- tekor /ˈtekoʀ/ the girl | If starts with vowel: Prefix k- Else: Prefix ke- kecham /ˈkeʧam/ the dog |
Plural | Prefix ʦa- tsaaj /ˈʦaaʤ/ the boys | If starts with vowel: Prefix s- Else: Prefix si- sikor /ˈsikoʀ/ the girls | If starts with vowel: Prefix m- Else: Prefix mo- mocham /ˈmoʧam/ the dogs |
Indefinite
Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Prefix o- oaj /ˈoaʤ/ a boy | If starts with vowel: Prefix χ- Else: Prefix χe- k̨hekor /ˈχekoʀ/ a girl | If starts with vowel: Prefix s- Else: Prefix so- socham /ˈsoʧam/ a dog |
Plural | No affix aj /aʤ/ some boys | No affix kor /koʀ/ some girls | No affix cham /ʧam/ some dogs |
Articles
Fanshi encodes definite article ‘the’, and indefinite article ‘a’ in noun affixes. See Noun section.
Pronouns
Ergative | Absolutive | Genitive | |
---|---|---|---|
1st singular | so /so/ I | yi /ji/ me | ya /ja/ mine |
2nd singular | su /su/ you | dishy /diç/ you | dzar /ʣaʀ/ yours |
3rd singular masc | u /u/ he, | mushy /muç/ his, | ka /ka/ his, |
3rd singular fem | nos /nos/ she, | doz /doz/ her, | kham /xam/ hers, |
3rd singular neuter | sal /sal/ it (neut) | vuz /vuz/ it (neut) | vir /viʀ/ its (neut) |
1st plural | la /la/ we | yashy /jaç/ us | shye /çe/ ours |
2nd plural | kov /kov/ you all | ej /eʤ/ you all | ja /ʤa/ yours (pl) |
3rd plural masc | a /a/ they (masc) | van /van/ them (masc) | dza /ʣa/ theirs (masc) |
3rd plural fem | chi /ʧi/ they (fem) | chets /ʧeʦ/ them (fem) | sho /ʃo/ theirs (fem) |
3rd plural neuter | pas /pas/ they (neut) | yas /jas/ them (neut) | sa /sa/ theirs (neut) |
Possessive determiners
Possessive | |
---|---|
1st singular | ya /ja/ my |
2nd singular | dzar /ʣaʀ/ your |
3rd singular masc | mushy /muç/ his |
3rd singular fem | kham /xam/ her |
3rd singular neuter | vir /viʀ/ his, her, its (neut) |
1st plural | shye /çe/ our |
2nd plural | ja /ʤa/ your (pl) |
3rd plural masc | dza /ʣa/ their (masc) |
3rd plural fem | sho /ʃo/ their (fem) |
3rd plural neuter | sa /sa/ their (neut) |
Verbs
Future | Prefix ju- yuok̨h /ˈjuoχ/ will learn |
Fanshi uses a standalone particle word for past tense:
Past | Particle before the verb: ɸug - fug ok̨h /ɸug oχ/ learned |
Imperfective aspect
The ‘imperfective’ aspect refers to ongoing actions, such as I am learning and habitual actions, such as I learn (something new every day).
Fanshi uses a standalone particle word for imperfective:
Imperfective | Particle before the verb: man - man ok̨h /man oχ/ learns/is learning |
Numbers
Fanshi has a base-10 number system:
1 - si
2 - fudz
3 - k̨hashy
4 - vi
5 - me
6 - ji
7 - shyis
8 - volmi
9 - seta
10 - we
100 - sej
1000 - ez
Derivational morphology
Adjective → adverb = Suffix -i
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ʒ
Else: Suffix -aʒ
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ze
Else: Suffix -eze
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ʃ
Else: Suffix -aʃ
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ʦ
Else: Suffix -aʦ
Noun to verb = Prefix ʀo-
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = Suffix -oɸ
Tending to = If starts with vowel: Prefix anw-
Else: Prefix anwi-
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ʒ
Else: Suffix -oʒ
Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = Suffix -eɸ
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -g
Else: Suffix -ug
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ʀ
Else: Suffix -uʀ
Diminutive = If starts with vowel: Prefix l-
Else: Prefix li-
Augmentative = Prefix sa-